猜測(cè)詞義是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力，這種題型也是高考中的題型。因此，掌握一定的猜詞技巧，對(duì)突破高考閱讀理解、提高我們的英語語言能力有非常重要的意義。

考查“不明身份”的代詞指代

代詞指代題要求考生依據(jù)語境的邏輯關(guān)系，判斷畫線的人稱代詞或指示代詞在文章中指代的對(duì)象，包括考查it(指動(dòng)物、無生命的事物、特定的事件或人)，they/them(指代人、物、事件的復(fù)數(shù)名詞)，he/she等人稱代詞的指代意義，以及指示代詞this，that，these，those等在文章中的指代意義，以考查考生對(duì)文章中敘述的特定的人、物、事件的再認(rèn)能力。

解答代詞指代題時(shí)，我們要認(rèn)真閱讀畫線詞所在句和前后鄰近句的內(nèi)容，分析人稱轉(zhuǎn)換和動(dòng)作變換的詳細(xì)過程，理清其來龍去脈和前后的因果關(guān)系，從而準(zhǔn)確推斷其指代的對(duì)象。

In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations — UNESCO and National Geographic among them — have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.

Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that__tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakersand Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.

33.What does “that tradition”in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Having full records of the languages.

B. Writing books on language teaching.

C. Telling stories about language users.

D. Living with the native speakers.

【分析】A根據(jù)畫線詞上一段的內(nèi)容可知，有很多學(xué)者一直致力于對(duì)快要絕跡的語言和文化的記錄工作。再結(jié)合畫線詞所在句可知，耶魯大學(xué)的Mark Turin也在做這件事，即記錄語言，防止語言的消失。

考查“熟詞生義”的單詞詞義

英語單詞的含義豐富、搭配靈活，一些熟詞在不同的語境或不同的搭配中有不同的含義，而這些含義與其本義有時(shí)沒有密切的聯(lián)系，這就需要我們結(jié)合語境來推斷其含義;有時(shí)這些單詞的新義既體現(xiàn)了其基本含義，又有遷移與拓展。在解答此類詞義猜測(cè)題時(shí)就要求我們將單詞的本義和語境有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來，綜合考慮，然后準(zhǔn)確推斷其在特定語境中的含義。

My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers...At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.

That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.

23.What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?

A. Showed.　　　　B. Sent out.

C. Delivered.　　D. Gave back.

【分析】D　restore的含義是“恢復(fù)，使復(fù)原，修復(fù)”，但在本文的語境中，根據(jù)上文中的“found”、畫線詞后面的內(nèi)容及故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展可知，此處指作者的丈夫找回了丟失的重要文件，因此give back“歸還，還給”，符合語境。

考查“深?yuàn)W難懂”的單詞詞義

這種類型是較常見的詞義猜測(cè)題的命題方式，考查考生猜測(cè)文章中某個(gè)生詞或短語的含義，或考查該詞能被哪個(gè)單詞或短語代替。此時(shí)我們可以借助下面這些方法來答題：

1.“拆猜”并用解決問題

閱讀中常常會(huì)遇到一些由熟悉的單詞派生或合成的新詞。此時(shí)可以用“拆猜”的方式，先把該詞的各種詞綴或前后兩個(gè)合成部分拆開，再結(jié)合我們掌握的構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)，根據(jù)中心詞的含義和詞綴的含義猜測(cè)其意思。

Passenger pigeons (旅鴿) once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers...described flocks (群) so large that they darkened the sky for hours.

It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons...making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world... was seen near Cincinnati.

Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an ever lasting supply and killed them by the thousands.

25.The underlined word “undoing”probably refers to the pigeons'______.

A. escape B. ruin C. liberation D. evolution

【分析】B畫線詞undoing可分解為否定前綴un-和doing。畫線詞前面敘述了旅鴿數(shù)量很多，畫線詞后提到大量的旅鴿被殺害，結(jié)合否定前綴un-和選項(xiàng)看，該詞的含義與ruin“毀滅”相近。

2.利用同義詞、近義詞猜詞

在單詞所出現(xiàn)的上下文中，有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)，這時(shí)考生可從熟悉的詞語中推測(cè)其含義。

3.利用反義詞猜詞

對(duì)比是描述、說明事物的常用方式。在對(duì)比中，對(duì)比的事物有可能是相反的，因此可以根據(jù)反義關(guān)系推測(cè)其含義。

4.利用上下文語境猜詞

考生可以利用上下文提供的情景和線索，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進(jìn)而推測(cè)詞義。

5.利用定義或解釋猜詞

釋義是對(duì)單詞以定語(從句)、表語甚至用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)引出并加以解釋說明的方式。有些文章，特別是科研報(bào)告類的文章，通常會(huì)給一些關(guān)鍵詞下定義，考生可以利用定義來猜測(cè)這些詞的意思。

6.利用例證猜詞

為了進(jìn)行說明或證實(shí)，文章中經(jīng)常會(huì)舉例，用來列舉說明前面較難理解的詞，這些例子可幫助考生猜測(cè)單詞詞義。舉例時(shí)，常常會(huì)用一些表列舉的詞，如：such as, like, for example, for instance等。

7.利用復(fù)述或同等關(guān)系猜詞

為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或把某事敘述得更明白，作者有時(shí)會(huì)運(yùn)用不同語句來復(fù)述同一概念，這時(shí)考生可以利用這些重復(fù)敘述的語句和表達(dá)形式的變化來猜測(cè)詞義。雖然復(fù)述不如定義那樣嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、詳細(xì)，但是提供的信息足以使考生猜出單詞詞義。只要我們找出其中一個(gè)或幾個(gè)詞或短語，便可確定同等關(guān)系中單詞的詞性、作用和大概的意思。

8.利用詞義搭配、關(guān)聯(lián)猜詞

任何一個(gè)單詞在句子中總是與其他詞相關(guān)聯(lián)的，考生可以通過這些前后的關(guān)聯(lián)來猜測(cè)單詞的詞義。

9.利用語義轉(zhuǎn)折猜詞

有時(shí)作者為了增強(qiáng)表達(dá)效果，在文章中會(huì)用一些表示轉(zhuǎn)折意思的連詞、副詞或短語，如：though, although, but, yet, instead, however, while, rather than等，考生可以根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折的語境猜測(cè)詞義。

考查句意理解

考查句意理解的試題一般因?yàn)榫涫綇?fù)雜、意義含蓄而出現(xiàn)在長(zhǎng)難句中。對(duì)于這種試題，考生應(yīng)該認(rèn)真閱讀原文，特別是畫線句子的上下文，準(zhǔn)確理解作者的觀點(diǎn)，尤其是對(duì)特定的人、物、事件的褒貶觀點(diǎn)，以準(zhǔn)確推斷語句的含義。

Sampal's story began in 2011, when she was accidentally caught by fishermen in the waters off South Korea. However, instead of letting her go, the men sold her to an aquarium. Here, she was placed in a small pool where she spent her days performing tricks for visitors.

Sampal_was_not destined_to_spend_her_life_in_captivity.Shocked by the conditions she was living in, South Korean animal advocates began to help her get free.

32.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Sampal didn't like spending her life in a pool.

B. Sampal would have to lose her freedom.

C. Sampal's life was brought back to normal.

D. Sampal would certainly be helped by people.

【分析】D　前面談到Sampal被捕捉之后的命運(yùn)，畫線句子后說到韓國(guó)動(dòng)物保護(hù)者開始展開營(yíng)救工作，因此選D項(xiàng)，她肯定會(huì)得到人們的幫助。

較后提醒考生，掌握了一定的單詞猜測(cè)技巧后，也不要去“死摳”個(gè)別詞，除了人名、地名等一些專有名詞不必去細(xì)究之外，那些一時(shí)難以斷定其意思卻又不妨礙理解或答題的單詞，大可不必理會(huì)。